In recent years, in Italy and around the world, interest in CBD, or cannabidiol, a natural molecule extracted from the hemp plant, has been growing. Thanks to its properties, CBD is used both in the pharmaceutical field, as an active ingredient in certain medicines, and in the cosmetic sector, where (like other biologically active substances such as glycerin, bromelain, or azelaic acid) it is used in creams, serums, and oils.
In this article, discover all the differences between the therapeutic and cosmetic uses of CBD and how to choose the product best suited to your needs.
What is CBD
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a natural compound belonging to the family of phytocannabinoids, molecules produced exclusively by the plant Cannabis sativa L.. To date, more than 140 phytocannabinoids have been identified in this species, but the two most studied and best known are THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD.
Unlike THC, which is responsible for the psychoactive effects and the alteration commonly associated with marijuana, CBD has no psychoactive effects. On the contrary, several scientific studies have highlighted its potential in both therapeutic and cosmetic fields.
· In the medical field, CBD is present as an active ingredient in certain medicines authorized for the treatment of specific disorders. In clinical settings, CBD is also being studied for its potential support in managing chronic pain, anxiety, and certain sleep disorders. It is important to underline that the use of CBD for therapeutic purposes requires a medical prescription and must be carried out under the strict supervision of a healthcare professional, since dosages, formulations, and methods of administration vary depending on the pathology and the patient’s condition.
· In the cosmetic field, it is appreciated for its antioxidant, soothing, and moisturizing properties, which make it suitable for skin and hair care products. Like other pharmacologically active substances (glycerin, bromelain, azelaic acid, etc.), cannabidiol can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of cosmetic products, since, although it has effects on the body, these do not significantly affect human biochemical processes. In fact, cannabidiol is permitted under Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 as a cosmetic ingredient, whether of synthetic production or natural origin, provided it is extracted from non-prohibited parts of the Cannabis sativa L. plant (excluding the inflorescences), in accordance with the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
In addition to these applications, CBD is the subject of research exploring its possible beneficial effects on general well-being, including supporting emotional balance, modulating inflammatory responses, and contributing to sleep quality.
Origin of CBD
CBD is found in particularly high concentrations in the flowers and leaves of the hemp plant, and to a much lesser extent in the seeds and other parts. To obtain it, various extraction methods are used, the most common of which are:
- Supercritical CO₂ extraction, which ensures a pure product free of residual solvents.
- Extraction with natural solvents (e.g., ethanol), suitable for obtaining extracts rich in other beneficial plant components.
- Oil-based extraction (for example in olive oil or MCT oil), ideal for food or cosmetic preparations.
CBD can be of natural origin (extracted directly from the plant) or synthetic (reproduced in the laboratory with the same chemical structure as the natural molecule).
Natural cannabidiol is often preferred by users seeking a “full spectrum” or “broad spectrum” product, which also contains other phytocannabinoids and terpenes capable of acting in synergy with CBD, a phenomenon known as the entourage effect.
The quality and concentration of CBD depend on the variety of hemp used, the cultivation conditions, and the extraction technique—factors that influence both the effectiveness and the aromatic and organoleptic profile of the final extract.
Why CBD has positive effects on psycho-physical health
We have explained what CBD is and how it is produced—but does it really work? CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex biological system present in our body that regulates numerous fundamental processes, including the immune system, the nervous system, appetite, mood, pain, and metabolism. The ECS is made up of cannabinoid receptors, which can be imagined as mailboxes that receive messages from cannabinoids, molecules that transmit information to cells.
There are two main types of receptors:
- CB1, found mainly in the central nervous system, involved in regulating functions such as memory, movement, and pain perception.
- CB2, located mainly in the immune system, useful for modulating inflammation and immune response.
THC binds primarily to CB1 receptors, causing psychoactive effects, while CBD interacts mainly with CB2 receptors, helping to support the balance of the immune system and inflammatory processes. CBD can also modulate CB1 receptors, partially blocking the psychoactive effects of THC.
When the endocannabinoid system is altered due to trauma, diseases, or stress, an imbalance occurs that can affect physical and mental well-being. Once absorbed, CBD acts as a “messenger” that sends signals to the ECS to help restore internal balance, known as homeostasis.
Among the various cannabinoids, CBD is the phytocannabinoid most studied for its positive effects on psycho-physical health. In addition to phytocannabinoids, there are also two other types of cannabinoids:
- Endogenous, naturally produced by the human body and involved in regulating the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Synthetic, created in laboratories for specific therapeutic applications in certain authorized medicines
Difference between Broad Spectrum and Full Spectrum products: the entourage effect
The entourage effect, a term introduced in 1999 by researcher Chris Emerson, describes the phenomenon whereby the combination of all the compounds present in the cannabis plant—cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids—can amplify therapeutic benefits compared to the use of a single isolated component.
Understanding this concept is essential for grasping the difference between Full Spectrum and Broad-Spectrum products:
· Full Spectrum products contain the plant’s entire chemical profile, including all cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, as well as trace amounts of THC, which contributes to the entourage effect by enhancing the action of the other compounds.
· Broad Spectrum products, on the other hand, retain most of the cannabinoids and terpenes but are free of THC, still offering synergy among the various components without the psychoactive effects of THC
Among the key compounds of the entourage effect are terpenes, aromatic substances found in cannabis and many other plants. For example, linalool, with a lavender and citrus fragrance, can enhance the calming effect of cannabinoids.
Main properties of CBD
In recent years, numerous scientific studies have highlighted the potential of CBD in various areas of physical and mental health. Below are the main properties of CBD, supported by scientific evidence.
· Anxiolytic properties of CBD. CBD may help reduce symptoms of anxiety, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). According to one study, a single 300 mg dose of CBD lessens the increase in anxiety and cognitive impairment in patients with PTSD.
· Calming properties and improvement of sleep. CBD may help improve sleep quality and relieve symptoms of insomnia. Research has shown that CBD, alone or in combination with THC, is effective in promoting nighttime rest.
· Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that CBD may help reduce pain and inflammation thanks to its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and TRPV1 receptors.
· Antioxidant properties of CBD. Some research has shown that CBD has powerful antioxidant effects, greater than those of vitamins C and E, helping protect cells from oxidative damage.
· Neuroprotective properties of CBD. Scientific studies suggest that CBD may have neuroprotective effects, reducing oxidative stress and protecting brain cells from damage associated with neurodegenerative conditions.
· Antipsychotic properties of CBD. Scientific evidence indicates that CBD may exert antipsychotic effects and support the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
· Antiemetic properties of CBD. Clinical studies have shown that CBD may help reduce nausea and vomiting, particularly in patients undergoing chemotherapy, enhancing the effectiveness of standard antiemetic drugs, as it lacks the unpleasant taste of common antiemetics, which are rich in antacids and bismuth.
· Anticonvulsant properties of CBD. Clinical research has confirmed the effectiveness of CBD in treating resistant forms of childhood epilepsy, such as Dravet syndrome, reducing the frequency of epileptic seizures.
Applications of CBD
Thanks to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and anxiolytic properties, CBD is applied in various fields: from skin care to sports wellness, as well as support in managing anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders.
· CBD for inflammation, pain, and skin health
As we have seen, CBD is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which make it useful in treating conditions such as arthritis and chronic pain. A study published in the European Journal of Pain showed that topical application of CBD can reduce pain and inflammation in animal models of arthritis. Other studies support the use of CBD in cosmetics for skin care, thanks to its antioxidant and soothing properties, useful in cases of acne, eczema, and psoriasis.
· CBD for sports use: athletes and muscle recovery
In the sports context, CBD is used to promote muscle recovery, reducing post-workout inflammation and supporting recovery from fatigue and muscle damage associated with intense physical exertion. One study showed that taking 60 mg of CBD led to a significant reduction in markers of muscle damage, such as creatine kinase and myoglobin, within 72 hours.
· CBD for anxiety, insomnia, and stress
CBD has shown potential in the treatment of disorders related to anxiety and sleep, improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions. A clinical study suggested that taking 150 mg of CBD improved sleep quality in people with primary insomnia.
CBD forms available on the market and recommended dosage
CBD is available in various forms, each with different absorption characteristics and convenience:
· Sublingual oil, which allows rapid absorption through the mucous membranes;
· Capsules or softgels, convenient for precise and consistent dosing;
· Topical formulations such as creams, balms, and gels, ideal for localized action;
· Edibles like gummies or infusions, for a slower and more prolonged intake.
In recent years, innovative technologies have been developed to improve CBD bioavailability, i.e., the amount effectively absorbed by the body. These include nano or micro emulsions and water soluble formulations, which make CBD miscible in water and increase its absorption, providing faster and more predictable effects compared to traditional lipophilic oils.
The recommended dosage varies depending on factors such as body weight, the condition being treated, individual sensitivity, and product concentration. In general, it is advised to start with low doses (for example, 5–10 mg per day) and gradually increase until the desired effect is achieved, monitoring the body’s response.
Safety, interactions, and contraindications of CBD
CBD is generally considered safe and well tolerated, but, like any active substance, it may present potential risks and side effects, especially if taken in high doses or in combination with certain medications.
The most common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, changes in appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. In some individuals, CBD may also cause a temporary drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness.
A particularly important aspect concerns drug interaction. CBD is primarily metabolized by the liver through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2C19), the same enzymes involved in the metabolism of many medications. This means it can alter the concentration of other active substances in the body, either enhancing or reducing their effects. This interaction is similar to that observed with grapefruit juice, which inhibits some of the same enzymes.
Medications that may interact with CBD include anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antiplatelet agents, antidepressants, anxiolytics, antiepileptics, blood pressure medications, immunosuppressants, and some chemotherapy drugs. The combination is not necessarily dangerous in all cases, but it requires medical supervision to avoid unwanted effects or alterations in therapeutic efficacy.
Finally, although CBD has no psychoactive effects and does not cause dependence, self-medication is not recommended, especially in the presence of ongoing pharmacological treatments, chronic conditions, or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Consulting a healthcare professional allows for identifying the optimal dosage, monitoring possible interactions, and ensuring safe and informed use.
How to choose a quality CBD product
To choose a quality CBD product, it is essential to verify the presence of a Certificate of Analysis (COA) issued by an independent laboratory, confirming the CBD content, the absence of contaminants (pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents), and the THC level within legal limits.
Traceability and transparency from the manufacturer are indicators of reliability: prefer brands that clearly indicate the origin of the hemp, the extraction method, and the composition of the product. This reduces the risk of purchasing items containing undeclared THC or other unwanted substances, ensuring safety and efficacy.
Why Eusphera products stand out on the market
Eusphera is among the few companies in the sector to have an internal Research & Development division. In our laboratories, a selected team of biologists, doctors, chemists, and pharmacists works daily to study, create, and test innovative formulations and next-generation active compounds, aiming to address a wide range of issues.
The Cannabis sativa L. used in our processes, sourced exclusively from parts permitted by current regulations, is processed in a molecular separator that isolates cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and other beneficial molecules. These active ingredients are then combined with other substances scientifically recognized to enhance their effectiveness.
A pioneer in Europe in the processing and distribution of essential oils from medicinal plants, supplements, and active compounds for the nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors, Eusphera offers natural, organic, Made in Italy products, certified according to Italian and European standards and tested in independent laboratories.
Strict compliance with regulations, from Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 on cosmetics to legislation on dietary supplements, ensures conformity, traceability, and safety, combined with a high level of innovation and quality.
Eusphera CBD products, intended for topical cosmetic use or as supplements compliant with current regulations, are not medicines and do not significantly affect human biochemical processes.
Note: This article is for informational and educational purposes only. The CBD products marketed by Eusphera on this site are cosmetics for external topical use, made with CBD extracted from non-prohibited parts of the hemp plant. These products are not medicines and do not significantly affect the body’s biochemical processes.
Frequently Asked Questions about CBD
Q: WHAT IS CBD AND HOW DOES IT INTERACT WITH OUR BODY?
A: CBD is a chemical compound present in cannabis or Cannabis sativa. This cannabinoid does not produce psychotropic effects, unlike THC, another cannabinoid found in cannabis. CBD interacts with the body through CB1 and CB2 receptors—specific to cannabinoids—which are part of the body’s endocannabinoid system. Once ingested, CBD binds to its specific receptors, mediating a natural regulatory action aimed at restoring well-being.
Q: HOW CAN I TAKE CBD?
A: There are several ways to take CBD. The most common method is through CBD oil, which can be ingested, applied directly to the skin, or mixed with edible or external/topical products. Other options include CBD capsules and various formulations such as creams, drops, and tablets, depending on specific needs.
Q: WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF USING CBD?
A: The side effects of CBD can vary from person to person. Some may experience adverse effects such as nausea, fatigue, or irritability, while others may experience none. It is important to know that CBD can interact with other medications, so consulting a doctor before use is recommended.
Q: HOW CAN CBD AFFECT MY BODY?
A: Various studies have found that CBD may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-anxiety properties. It can be used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as anxiety, depression, acne, chronic pain, and epilepsy. CBD produces these effects through the functioning of the endocannabinoid system, which helps regulate the body’s homeostasis.
Q: WHAT CBD PRODUCTS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE STORE?
A: Our online store offers a variety of high-quality CBD products, including oils, capsules, creams, and tablets. All our products contain a low THC content and are extracted from high-quality Cannabis sativa and certified seeds.
Q: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CBD AND MARIJUANA?
A: CBD and marijuana are both derived from cannabis, but they contain different concentrations of THC, the chemical responsible for psychotropic effects. Unlike marijuana, CBD does not produce psychoactive effects and can be used safely without causing a “high.”
Q: ARE CBD PRODUCTS LEGAL IN ITALY?
A: Yes, CBD is legal in Italy. This non-psychoactive compound, which does not produce euphoric effects, is not included among the substances prohibited by narcotics regulations. Its legality is governed by Law 242/2016, which promotes the cultivation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with low THC content, and by the limits set in D.P.R. 309/1990 (Consolidated Law on Narcotics). Commercialized CBD must come exclusively from legally permitted parts of the plant and contain no more than 0.6% THC.
Q: WHAT IS THE CORRECT DOSAGE OF A CBD PRODUCT?
A: The dosage of a CBD product varies depending on the product, the condition being treated, and the individual using it. It is generally recommended to start with a small dose and gradually increase until the desired effect is achieved. The typical recommended daily dosage is between 20 and 40 mg of CBD. In any case, it is advisable to consult a doctor before taking CBD products.
Q: HOW DO CBD PRODUCTS WORK IN OUR BODY?
A: CBD products work by interacting with receptors in the body’s endocannabinoid system. These receptors are found throughout the body and play a key role in regulating many bodily functions, including pain, mood, sleep, and immune responses.
Q: DOES CBD HAVE REDUCED THC CONTENT?
A: Yes, CBD has a reduced THC content compared to marijuana. While THC binds directly to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, producing psychoactive effects, CBD influences them indirectly, which explains the lack of psychotropic effects associated with its use.
Q: HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR CBD TO WORK?
A: According to studies, the fastest effect occurs through inhalation, in about 5–10 minutes. Oral administration requires systemic distribution, so the increase in plasma concentration is observed after approximately 60 minutes, with a peak around 180 minutes.
Q: CAN I TAKE CBD WHILE BREASTFEEDING?
A: Currently, no studies confirm the safety of CBD use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is therefore recommended to avoid CBD consumption during these periods.
Q: HOW LONG DOES CBD REMAIN IN THE BODY?
A: The half-life—the time required to reduce plasma concentration by 50%—is approximately 35 hours for inhalation and 5 days for oral administration.
Q: CAN TAKING CBD RESULT IN A POSITIVE DRUG TEST?
A: High intake of CBD can cause a false positive in the early stages of a drug test. However, modern testing methods include more thorough analyses for THC metabolites, which clarify the nature of consumption before declaring a positive result.
Q: CAN CBD CAUSE DEPENDENCE?
A: To date, no studies have reported issues of physical dependence in animals or humans associated with CBD use.
