CBD oil has become one of the most talked-about products in recent years due to its potential health benefits. But what is CBD oil used for? And how does it work? In this article, we’ll explore the origins of hemp, the endocannabinoid system, and its therapeutic effects. Moreover, we'll look at how CBD oil can help reduce anxiety, manage stress, and improve sleep.
What Is CBD Oil and What Is It Used For
CBD oil is an extract derived from hemp, a cannabis plant with very low levels of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and high levels of Cannabidiol (CBD). Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive, which means it won’t produce a “high” effect.
What Does CBD Do and How It Differs from THC
THC and CBD are two of the main chemical compounds found in cannabis, but they are by no means the same thing.
While THC is a psychoactive compound that can cause unwanted side effects, CBD is non-psychoactive and has shown promising therapeutic properties.
As a result, CBD oil has become increasingly popular as a treatment option for a variety of medical conditions.
Difference Between Hemp Oil and CBD Oil
Hemp oil and CBD oil both come from the Cannabis sativa plant, but they differ in composition, source, and properties.
· Hemp oil (also known as hemp seed oil) is obtained by cold pressing the seeds of the plant and does not contain significant levels of cannabinoids like CBD. It is rich in essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), vitamins, and antioxidants, and is primarily used as a nutritional supplement or in cosmetics.
· CBD oil, on the other hand, is extracted from the flowers and leaves of the plant through more complex methods. It is rich in cannabidiol (CBD), an active compound studied for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties.
While hemp oil is considered a functional food, CBD oil can act as a complementary support in therapy, promoting overall well-being.
Origin of the Hemp Plant and Extraction Process
Hemp has been cultivated for thousands of years around the world to produce textiles, paper, and fuel. But how is CBD extracted from this plant? There are several methods, each with specific characteristics in terms of purity, safety, and sustainability.
Among the most common are solvent extraction (using ethanol or oil), ultrasound-assisted extraction, and most notably, supercritical CO₂ extraction, which is considered one of the most advanced and cleanest techniques. In this process, carbon dioxide is brought to a state between liquid and gas, where it acts as a natural solvent. Afterwards, by adjusting pressure and temperature, the CO₂ is returned to its gaseous state, separating from the extract and leaving behind a pure, concentrated CBD oil.
In 2018, the United States removed hemp from the list of controlled substances, thus paving the way for the cultivation and commercialization of CBD oil.
How CBD Works: The Endocannabinoid System
We’ve seen what CBD is—but how does it actually work in the body? The human body has a system called the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which includes receptors located in the brain, central nervous system, and various other tissues. This system plays a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes such as pain, memory, mood, and appetite. CBD interacts with this system and may help modulate these functions.
The Endocannabinoid System and CB1 & CB2 Receptors
The two main receptors in the endocannabinoid system are:
· CB1 receptors: found primarily in the central nervous system, in areas such as the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala, where they influence cognitive function, emotions, and pain perception
· CB2 receptors: mainly located in the immune system and peripheral tissues, where they help regulate inflammatory and immune responses.
Cannabinoids, like THC and CBD, interact with these receptors. While THC binds directly to CB1 receptors, causing psychoactive effects and influencing mood and pain perception, CBD modulates the activity of CB2 receptors without binding directly to them. As a result, it helps reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response.
This interaction between cannabinoids and ECS receptors is the subject of extensive research, as it may offer new therapeutic opportunities for a wide range of health conditions
CBD and Its Interaction with Serotonin and GABA Receptors
One of the reasons CBD has attracted so much attention is its ability to influence key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which plays a vital role in regulating mood, anxiety, sleep, and pain perception.
CBD interacts particularly with 5-HT1A receptors, which are closely involved in the mechanisms of anxiety and depression. While it doesn’t bind to these receptors directly like a traditional drug, it enhances their activity, leading to a calming and mood-stabilizing effect.
But that’s not all—CBD also acts on the GABA system, often described as the brain’s “natural brake”, as it helps slow down neural activity when the body needs to relax. By stimulating this system, CBD may promote both mental and physical relaxation, helping to reduce agitation, improve sleep, and restore a sense of balance.
Key Health Benefits of CBD Oil
Several studies have shown that CBD may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the human body. These effects arise not only from CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) but also through its influence on other bodily systems, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system (IS).
According to an article published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings, in general, CBD may offer a variety of health benefits, although further research is still needed to fully confirm its effectiveness.
Doctors are beginning to consider CBD as a therapeutic option in various clinical settings, particularly thanks to its generally well-tolerated safety profile. Among the most widely recognized benefits of CBD, as highlighted in the study, are:
- Reduction of anxiety
- Relief from chronic pain
- Management of certain forms of epilepsy (such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome)
- Support in treating insomnia
- Potential aid in managing opioid dependence
Let’s take a closer look at each of these.
1. CBD Oil and Its Benefits Against Anxiety and Stress
Anxiety is a natural response of the body to stress, but when it becomes excessive, it can cause serious health problems. CBD oil can help reduce anxiety through its interaction with receptors in the endocannabinoid system and by contributing to the reduction of inflammation associated with anxiety.
A 2019 study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology examined the effects of CBD oil on 72 adults with anxiety and sleep disorders. Participants received a dose of 25 mg of CBD a day for three months. The study results showed that CBD significantly improved anxiety symptoms in the participants.
CBD also proves to be an effective ally against chronic stress, which is responsible for serious health issues such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and digestive disorders.
In fact, CBD oil can influence receptors in the endocannabinoid system and peripheral receptors, helping to regulate the body’s response to stress, reduce cortisol levels, the stress hormone, and thereby improve both mental and physical health.
In a 2011 study published in Neuropsychopharmacology, researchers investigated the effect of CBD on individuals with social anxiety disorder during a simulated public speaking test. Participants were divided into two groups: one received 600 mg of CBD, and the other a placebo, both administered orally 90 minutes before the test. Results showed that the CBD-treated group experienced significantly lower levels of anxiety, discomfort, and cognitive impairment compared to the placebo group.
2. Benefits of CBD Oil for Chronic Pain
CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system, which regulates pain perception by modulating the activity of CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as with neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA, both of which play a key role in pain and stress regulation, make it effective for managing chronic pain.
In this case, CBD oil does not act like a traditional painkiller, instead it helps reduce inflammation, soothe the nervous system, and improve pain threshold. This can provide lasting relief and improve the quality of life for patients, especially those suffering from fibromyalgia, neuropathy, cancer-related pain, or multiple sclerosis.
3. Benefits of CBD Oil for Sleep Disorders
Insomnia is a widespread condition that, if prolonged, can seriously impair both mental and physical health, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression, cardiovascular problems, and weakening the immune system.
CBD oil is emerging as a promising ally for those struggling to sleep, thanks to its ability to act on multiple levels.
· On one hand, it helps regulate the circadian rhythm—the body’s internal clock that governs the sleep-wake cycle—thus improving the quality and duration of rest.
· On the other, it reduces mental overactivity, anxiety, and stress by interacting with receptors involved in mood and relaxation, such as serotonin and GABA receptors.
CBD oils like Hemp Extract Oil by Eusphera (available in different concentrations) can improve sleep quality naturally, without sedative effects or the typical side effects of some medications.
In a study published in 2019 in the journal Medicina, researchers examined the effects of CBD oil on a group of 72 adults with anxiety and sleep disorders. Participants received 25 mg of CBD daily for three months. The results showed that CBD significantly improved sleep quality in the majority of participants.
4. Positive Effects of CBD Hemp Oil on The Mind
CBD is gaining increasing attention as a potential support for individuals suffering from mental health disorders, thanks to its ability to influence brain systems involved in mood and stress regulation.
· For example, in the case of depression, CBD acts on serotonin receptors, which as previously discussed, are essential for maintaining emotional balance and may help improve mood naturally.
· Therapies with cannabinoids have also been used for several years in individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this context, CBD appears to help reduce the intensity of painful memories and promote more restful sleep.
· Additionally, benefits may also be observed in individuals with eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, by helping regulate appetite and reduce anxiety.
However, it is important to remember that while promising, products like CBD oils should always be used under medical supervision to ensure both their effectiveness and safety.
5 CBD Oils and Skin Benefits
Yes, CBD also proves to be a great ally for skin health. But what does it do exactly? In particular, it can be helpful for conditions such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, and sensitive skin.
Some studies have shown that CBD can reduce inflammation and regulate sebum production, improving the appearance of acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, promoting a healthier and more radiant complexion.
While the potential skin benefits of CBD are promising, it's important to remember that every skin type is unique. For this reason, it's always best to consult a dermatologist before adding new products to your skincare routine, especially if you have specific skin conditions.
Dosage and How to Use CBD Oil to Maximize Its Benefits
As mentioned, CBD can affect each person differently, since every body responds in its own unique way. Moreover, CBD is used for a wide range of purposes—from pain relief and mental wellness support to skincare. So how should you take CBD oil?
Given this variety of uses and individual responses, it's essential to consult a medical professional before starting to use CBD oils or related products. A doctor can assess your personal situation, recommend the most suitable dosage, and ensure safe and effective use, while helping avoid potential interactions or side effects.
There is no one-size-fits-all dosage when it comes to CBD oil, as the optimal amount depends on several personal factors. Among these, it is important to consider:
· sex,
· age,
· weight,
· health conditions,
· possible use of medications.
Precisely because of this complexity, it is always necessary to consult a doctor before starting any treatment with CBD.
Generally speaking, the safest and most effective approach is to start with a low dose and gradually increase it, while carefully monitoring the effects. This method helps identify the ideal dosage that provides benefits without causing discomfort or unwanted reactions.
Among all available formulations, CBD oils are particularly versatile: they’re easy to take, allow for precise dosing, and can be incorporated into foods or cosmetics. The important thing is to choose reliable shops that are transparent in communicating information regarding their products.
CBD Oil: Precautions for Conscious Use
CBD oil is increasingly used for its potential beneficial effects on the body and mind. However, to get the most out of this valuable natural ally, it is essential to also be aware of its possible side effects and usage precautions, especially in the presence of specific health conditions or ongoing drug therapies.
· Possible side effects: although CBD oil is generally considered safe and well tolerated, some people may experience side effects such as dry mouth, dizziness, and drowsiness. However, these side effects are usually mild and disappear quickly. In some cases, CBD may increase or prolong the effect of certain medications, leading to a higher risk of amplified side effects.
· Possible drug interactions: CBD can interfere with how our body processes many medications and can affect the enzymes responsible for their metabolism. This may cause drugs to remain in the body longer or become more potent, increasing the risk of adverse effects.
· Precautions for pregnant and breastfeeding women: the use of CBD is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Although cannabidiol is generally well tolerated, there are not enough clinical studies to ensure its safety for mother and child during these delicate stages. Therefore, as a precaution, it is advisable to avoid CBD intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In the postpartum period, some mothers may consider using CBD to manage anxiety, insomnia, or muscle pain.
To reduce the risk of potential side effects, the first step is to choose high-quality and trustworthy products. Secondly, it is essential to consult your doctor before starting use: only a professional can assess compatibility with any ongoing therapies, recommend the most appropriate dosage, and monitor the body’s response, ensuring a safe, personalized, and effective use of CBD.
